Understanding Conversion Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, and Management

Many might ask, “What is conversion disorder?” Conversion disorder is a complex psychological condition that presents as a physical symptom for no obvious medical reason. It is also known as functional neurological symptom disorder. The fascinating condition highlights how the mind and body are interrelated and, hence, how a person's mental state can influence how their body operates. 

Individuals experiencing conversion disorder symptoms may struggle with mobility, sensory perception, etc. In a way, it challenges our understanding of illness by demonstrating that mental stress may result in real, impairing physical symptoms. In order to assist individuals in taking back control of their health, treatment is frequently interdisciplinary and includes both psychological and physical measures. A conversion disorder example could be a person experiencing sudden leg paralysis after witnessing a traumatic accident despite no physical injury being present. 

What is Conversion Disorder? 

Many might have this question in their mind: “What is Conversion Disorder?” Neurological symptoms that cannot be attributed to medical or neurological problems, such as paralysis, blindness, or seizures, are indicative of conversion disorder. It illustrates how psychological pressures and physical health interact, frequently following traumatic or emotionally charged experiences. 

Conversion disorder is not only associated with physical and psychological issues but also has a high economic cost. In the United States, 82% of those affected are unable to work, leading to an annual loss of $20 billion in productivity. Diagnosis is very difficult because 60% of cases have other physical diseases that complicate both conversion disorder treatment and recognition. A conversion disorder example involves non-epileptic seizures occurring in response to extreme emotional stress. Another conversion disorder example is difficulty swallowing due to unresolved trauma.

Prevalence of Conversion Disorder 

This condition has a major impact even though it is uncommon- only 4 to 12 out of every 100,000 persons are diagnosed with it each year. This calls for an increase in awareness, especially in understanding how psychological factors might cause physical symptoms and contribute to conversion disorder symptoms, especially among high-risk individuals. 

Who Does It Affect? 

Conversion disorder is significantly more common among women and individuals designated female at birth (DFAB). According to studies, women are diagnosed with hysterical conversion disorder at least twice as often as men or individuals designated male at birth (DMAB). 

Although the disorder can appear at any age, its symptoms tend to vary by age group. In the 20-29 years age group, seizures are the most frequently reported conversion disorder symptoms, while movement-related symptoms appear in the 30-39 years age group. This makes it a very unique challenge in understanding and diagnosing the condition. 

Symptoms of Conversion Disorder 

The symptoms of conversion disorder can vary significantly, often resembling neurological conditions but lacking a medical explanation. 

Common Physical Symptoms 

Physical symptoms frequently include weakness or paralysis, non-epileptic seizures, loss of balance, difficulty swallowing, and changes in sensory perception, such as numbness or tingling. 

Psychological Manifestations 

Psychological symptoms may include heightened anxiety, emotional distress, and dissociation. Often, the onset of physical symptoms coincides with stressful life events or unresolved emotional conflicts. Conversion disorder nursing diagnosis often includes an evaluation of these psychological symptoms.

Causes and Risk Factors of Conversion Disorder 

The conversion disorder causes are complex, involving psychological, biological, and environmental factors. 

Psychological Triggers 

A few of psychological triggers can cause conversion disorder. Conversion disorder causes severe stress, trauma, or unresolved emotional conflicts among the common ones. The condition is frequently associated with abuse, neglect, or traumatic loss. These can be addressed with the help of therapy or counselling. Nursing diagnosis for conversion disorder includes identifying these psychological stressors.

Biological Factors 

While the majority of the conversion disorder causes are psychological, we cannot deny the biological factors like genetic predispositions and abnormal brain activity, especially in regions that control emotion and movement. It is important to consider all the factors to understand the condition fully. Nursing diagnosis of conversion disorder should also take these factors into account.

Types of Conversion Disorder 

Types of conversion disorder can take many forms, categorised according to the type of symptoms experienced. 

Motor Symptom Type 

This category involves problems with movement, including tremors, weakness, paralysis, or gait abnormalities, resembling neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Types of conversion disorder can include these physical limitations. Conversion disorder nursing diagnosis helps distinguish these symptoms from other conditions.

Sensory Symptom Type 

Symptoms in this category affect sensory perception, including blindness, deafness, or loss of sensation in specific body parts without a physical cause. Hysterical conversion disorder may include these sensory impairments.

Diagnosis of Conversion Disorder 

A mere general understanding of symptoms and exclusion of other medical disorders cannot make an accurate diagnosis. 

Clinical Evaluation and Tests 

A very detailed clinical history, neurological examination and imaging tests are often used for the exclusion of structural or functional neurological disorders. A proper conversion disorder nursing diagnosis ensures that individuals receive the right care. Nursing diagnosis of conversion disorder often includes psychological assessments to determine underlying stress factors.

Differential Diagnosis 

Conversion disorder must be ruled out from diagnoses such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, or various psychiatric disorders as an appropriate diagnosis will lead to proper conversion disorder treatment. Nursing diagnosis of conversion disorder often includes psychological assessments to determine underlying stress factors.

Effective Treatment Options for Conversion Disorder 

Treatment for conversion disorder is primarily aimed at alleviating psychological distress and enhancing physical functioning. 

Psychotherapy Interventions 

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a mainstay treatment that enables each individual to recognise and deal with the emotional stressors causing their symptoms. Hysterical conversion disorder often improves with these interventions. 

Therapeutic Interventions 

Occupational and physical therapy play a crucial role in recovery by improving mobility and helping individuals regain their independence, tailored to their specific needs. Nursing diagnosis of conversion disorder often includes recommendations for these therapies.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) Techniques 

Emerging treatments such as TMS are promising to reduce symptoms by modulating brain activity. 

Medication Management 

Medications such as antidepressants or anxiolytics may be used to treat an individual’s underlying anxiety or depression but are not the first line of treatment. 

Biofeedback 

Biofeedback teaches individuals to take control of physiological functions, thus reducing stress and perhaps even symptom reduction. 

Importance of a Multidisciplinary Approach 

A multidisciplinary team of mental health professionals, neurologists, and therapists ensures comprehensive care, including both psychological and physical health. Nursing diagnosis for conversion disorder plays a crucial role in patient management.

How to Manage Symptoms and Take Care of Yourself with Conversion Disorder 

Conversion disorder symptoms can be managed in the following ways:- 

• Seek Professional Help- See a therapist (e.g., CBT) and work with a health care team to manage psychological and physical symptoms. 
• Practice Stress Management- Learn and use relaxation techniques (e.g., deep breathing, mindfulness, meditation) to cope with stress and anxiety. 
• Physical Activity- Engage in low-impact exercise, such as yoga or walking, to maintain physical function. First, always check with a provider. 
• Establish a Routine- Establish a daily routine. Sticking to a regular schedule can significantly reduce anxiety and bring a comforting sense of stability to your day-to-day life.
• Social Support- Remain connected with family and friends to cope with emotions and avoid isolation. 
• Education & Awareness- To understand conversion disorder better, keep yourself updated on recent developments. This can help you enhance your mental well-being. 
• Avoid Overexertion- Listen to the body and rest to avoid symptom flare-ups 
• Monitor your Symptoms- Track symptoms, triggers, and progress to make changes to your treatment plan with your healthcare provider. 
• Patience & Compassion- Be gentle with yourself. Healing will take some time, and even setbacks are just part of it. 

When to Seek Professional Help for Conversion Disorder 

Professional treatment is necessary when symptoms do not go away or interfere with one's ability to perform daily activities. 

Unexplained Physical Symptoms Persist 

If physical symptoms like paralysis or sensory changes persist without medical explanation, seek consultation with a mental health professional. 

Symptoms Interfere with Mobility or Communication 

The inability to move or speak requires immediate attention to ensure safety and prevent complications.

Emotional Distress or Anxiety Related to Symptoms 

Intense emotional distress over physical symptoms indicates the need for psychological intervention. 

Suspected Psychological or Neurological Comorbidities 

Comorbid conditions like depression or anxiety commonly accompany conversion disorder, so proper treatment needs to be multifaceted. 

Discover Compassionate Treatment for Conversion Disorder at Cadabam's Hospitals 

Our multidisciplinary team at Cadabam’s Hospitals specialise in conversion disorder treatment and offers holistic care, including evidence-based therapies, mindfulness techniques and medication management. Every session is provided in a non-judgemental space, encouraging each individual to express freely and supporting long-term recovery.  

Our personalised treatment plan can be adjusted according to the evolving needs of an individual. Balanced life might seem distant, but with the right care and support, it is achievable. Reach out today to begin your journey to recovery. 

If you are searching for a solution to your problem, Cadabam’s Hospitals can help you with its team of specialised experts. We have been helping thousands of people live healthier and happier lives for 30+ years. We leverage evidence-based approaches and holistic treatment methods to help individuals effectively manage their conversion disorder. Get in touch with us today. You can call us at +91 97414 76476. You can even email us at info@cadabamshospitals.com.

FAQs 

What are conversion symptoms? 

Conversion symptoms represent physical manifestations like paralysis, seizures, or blindness resulting from psychological distress in the absence of a medical cause. These symptoms mimic the presentation of neurological or other physical disorders and do not have a known medical cause. 

How is conversion disorder treated? 

Treatment for conversion disorder is multidisciplinary and includes psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, physical therapy, and stress management techniques. Psychological factors, as well as the physical symptoms, need to be addressed to recover and manage the symptoms. 

What causes conversion? 

The exact cause of conversion disorder is not known, but it is believed to be an emotional stress or trauma that results in physical symptoms as a psychological response. It can be attributed to genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. 

What are functional symptoms? 

Functional symptoms are those physical issues that arise without any clear medical cause, often related to psychological stress. These can affect motor or sensory functions, such as paralysis or non-epileptic seizures. 

Is Conversion Disorder the same thing as Functional Neurological Disorder? 

Yes, indeed, conversion disorder is also termed functional neurological symptom disorder. They both refer to a condition where psychological stress produces physical symptoms which are not known to have an obvious medical reason and mostly, they affect the nervous system.